Psy 210 Lecture 3
Developmental Psychology

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Lecture 3 is now updated to reflect the topics we did get to cover in class.  Some things that were not talked about in class but are covered in your text book have the notation "see text" next to them.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.      Identify factors in good nutrition during pregnancy, and assess the value of dietary supplements.

2.      Explain how drug intake during pregnancy can harm an embryo or fetus, and discuss effects of medical drugs, alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, marijuana, and cocaine.

3.      What is a teratogen, and what environmental hazards can be teratogens?

4.      How exactly do teratogens affect prenatal development?

5.      What are the stages in labour and delivery?

6.      What are natural ways of coping with the pain of childbirth?

7.      What are the effects of postpartum depression?

8.      What are some of the complications that can occur during birth?

9.      How do we determine if a baby is healthy and adjusting to life outside the uterus?

10. How do reflexes help newborns interact with the world?

11. What behavioural states are observable in newborns?

12. How well do newborns experience the world? Can they learn from experience?

13. What are the important features of physical growth during childhood?

14. How do they vary from child to child?

15. How do heredity, hormones, and nutrition contribute to physical growth?

16. What are the physical changes associated with puberty and what are their consequences?

17. What is malnutrition? What are its consequences? What is the solution to malnutrition?

18. How do nature and nurture lead some adolescent girls to diet excessively?

19.  Why do some children become obese?

 1.      Prenatal Environmental Influences: Teratogens

1.1.   Effects

1.2.   Maternal disease

1.2.1.      Viruses

1.2.1.1.            Rubella

1.2.1.2.            AIDS

1.2.1.3.            Herpes

1.2.2.      Bacterial and parasitic diseases

1.3.   Prescription and non prescription drugs

  • Thalidomide
  • Aspirin
  • Caffeine

1.4.   Illegal drugs

1.4.1.      Cocaine

1.4.2.      Marijuana

1.5.   Tobacco

1.6.   Alcohol

1.6.1.      Fetal Alcohol syndrome

1.6.2.      Fetal Alcohol effects

1.6.3.      Consequences of alcohol

1.7.   Hormones

1.8.   Radiation

1.9.   Environmental pollution

1.9.1.      Mercury

1.9.2.      Lead

1.9.3.      Polychlorinatedbiphenyls (PCBs)

2.      Birth

2.1.   Labour and delivery

2.1.1.      Three stages of delivery

2.1.2.      Babys adaptation to delivery

2.1.3.      Newborns appearance

2.1.4.      APGAR

2.2.   Approaches to childbirth

2.2.1.      Childbirth practices

2.2.2.      Natural childbirth

2.2.3.      Home birth

2.2.4.      Medicines used in childbirth - see text

2.3.   Postpartum depression - see text

2.4.   Birth complications

2.4.1.      Oxygen deprivation

2.4.2.      Prematurity and low birth weight

3.      The Newborn

3.1.   Assessing the Newborn

  • APGAR
  • Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

3.2.   The Newborns Reflexes

  • Palmar grasp

3.3.   Newborn States

  • REM sleep
  • NREM sleep (non-rapid-eye-movement sleep) 

4.      Physical and motor development

4.1.   Physical growth

4.1.1.      Feature of human growth

  • Distance curve
  • Velocity curve
  • Fontanels

4.1.2.      Variations on the average profile

  • Worldwide variations
  • Secular trends

4.1.3.      Mechanisms of physical growth

  • Heredity
  • Hormones
  • Pituitary gland
  • Hypothalamus
  • Growth hormone (GH)
  • Thyroxine
  • Nutrition

4.1.4.      The adolescent growth spurt and puberty

-see text

 4.2.   Problems with physical growth

4.2.1.      Malnutrition

  • Marasmus
  • Kwashiorkor

4.2.2.      Anorexia and bulimia - see text

4.2.3.      Obesity

4.2.4.      Infectious disease

4.2.5.      Emotional well-being

  • Non-organic failure to thrive
  • Deprivation dwarfism