1. Canadian Children and Youth
1.1. Canadian longitudinal study
1.2. Childhood social indicators
2. Genetic Foundations
2.1. Multifactorial transmission
Phenotypes
Genotypes
2.2. Chromosomes
Autosomes
Cell
2.3. The genetic code
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
Genes
Mitosis
2.4. The sex cells
Gametes
Meiosis
Crossing over
Zygote
2.5. Multiple offspring
Monozygotic
Dizygotic
2.6. Sex chromosomes
2.7. Single gene inheritance
2.7.1. Forms of genes
Allele
Homozygous
Heterozygous
2.7.2. Dominant-recessive relationships
Dominant
Recessive
Carriers
Phenylketonuria
Huntington disease
2.7.3. Incomplete dominance
Sickle cell trait
2.7.4. X-linked inheritance
2.7.5. Genetic imprinting
2.7.6. Mutation
2.8. Polygenic inheritance
3. Chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders
3.1. Phenylketonuria
3.2. Down syndrome
3.3. Abnormalities of the sex chromosome
3.4. Genetic counselling
3.5. Prenatal diagnosis and fetal medicine
4. Heredity, environment and behaviour
Behavioral genetics
4.1. Heritability
Heritability estimates
Kinship studies
4.2. Concordance
4.3. Limitations of heritability and concordance
4.4. Reaction range
4.5. Genetic-environmental correlation
Passive gene-environment relation
Evocative gene-environment relation
Active gene-environment relation
Niche-picking
5. Prenatal Development
5.1. Conception
5.2. The period of the zygote
Germ disk
Implantation
Amnion
Chorion
Villi
Placenta
Umbilical cord
5.3. The period of the embryo
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Cephalocaudal principle
Proximodistal principle
5.4. The period of the fetus
Second trimester
Vernix
Lanugo
Third trimester
Age of viability
6. Prenatal Environmental Influences: General Risk Factors
6.1. Nutrition
Folic acid
Calcium
Magnesium & zinc
Iodine
Multivitamin
6.2. Exercise
6.3. Stress
6.3.1. Intense anxiety
6.3.2. Four effects of stress
6.4. Maternal age
6.4.1. Older mothers
6.4.2. Young mothers
6.4.3. Previous births